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The Morgan Silver Dollar is a United States dollar coin minted intermittently from 1878 to 1921. It was the first standard silver dollar minted since production of the Seated Liberty dollar ceased due to the passage of the Fourth Coinage Act. The coin is named for its designer, George T. Morgan. Morgan's design was based on work previously done by him on earlier pattern coins. The obverse depicts a profile portrait representing Liberty, while the reverse depicts an eagle with wings outstretched. Both Morgan and then Chief Engraver William Barber submitted designs for the dollar; Mint Director Henry Richard Linderman recommended those of Morgan. |
The dollar was authorized by the Bland–Allison Act. Following the passage of the Fourth Coinage Act, which ended the free coinage of silver and the mintage of silver dollars, mining interests lobbied to restore the free coinage. Instead, when the Bland–Allison Act was passed, the Treasury was required to purchase between two and four million dollars worth of silver to be coined into dollars each month. Later, in 1890, the Bland–Allison act was repealed. The new provision, under the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, required the Treasury to purchase 4,500,000 troy ounces (140,000 kg) of silver each month, but only required silver dollar production for one year. This act, in turn, was repealed in 1893.
In 1898, an act was approved that required all remaining bullion purchased under the Sherman Silver Purchase Act be coined into silver dollars. In 1904, silver reserves were depleted. The Pittman Act, passed in 1918, authorized the melting and re-coining of millions of silver dollars. Pursuant to the act, Morgan dollars resumed mintage for one year in 1921. The design was replaced by the Peace dollar in the same year.
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| Denominations: | $1 |
| Precious Metal: | Silver |
| Composition: | 90% Silver, 10% Copper |
| Fineness: | .90 |
| Weight: | 26.73 gm / .859 troy oz |
| Years Minted: | 1878 - 1904, 1921 |
| Fine Silver Content: | 24.08 gm / .773 troy oz |